When researchers intentionally manipulate data or results to support a predetermined hypothesis, it is known as:

If a researcher only publishes studies with statistically significant results and ignores those with non-significant findings, what type of bias is present?

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A researcher selectively reports only the most compelling findings from a larger dataset, omitting less favorable results. This can create an incomplete and ________picture of the study's outcomes.

When a pharmaceutical company funds a clinical trial for their own drug and influences the study's design and reporting, what type of bias may occur?

Fill in the blank.

The Using a faulty or imprecise measurement instrument in a study can introduce measurement bias. For instance, if a thermometer used to measure body temperature is consistently inaccurate, it can lead to __________ in data collection. 

If a survey on a controversial topic is conducted in a way that respondents feel pressured to answer in a socially desirable manner, what type of bias is likely?

Bias that arises when a research study's design favors certain outcomes due to factors like sample size or methodology is called:

What type of bias may occur if a researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a drug and only includes participants who are known to have responded positively to the drug in the past?

In a case-control study, participants who have a disease may recall their exposure history differently than those without the disease. What bias is this?

What type of bias can occur when participants in a clinical trial are not randomized properly, leading to unequal representation of characteristics in different treatment groups?